2022年全球海上漂浮风电报告——全球机遇（64页）

Foreword by GWEC

GWEC前言

Floating offshore wind is rapidly emerging as a significant global opportunity. After a decade of early stage commercial deployment and testing, pathfinder markets like South Korea and the United Kingdom are demonstrating that the technology is ready to deliver at scale, with a wealth of would-be developers keen to bring schemes forward, when the right policy frameworks are put in place.

海上浮风成为一个重要的全球机会在十年的早期阶段商业部署和测试、开拓者市场，如南方韩国和英国证明该技术准备大规模交付，拥有大量财富希望带来方案前进，当正确制定了政策框架。

After 30 years of growth, offshore wind is a mature technology. It’s deployment across the globe is now accelerating. Mature markets like China and Western Europe continue to scale, while the number of new markets is growing. However, all these markets have until recently been focused on fixed offshore wind.

经过30年的增长，离岸风能是一项成熟的技术。它是现在，全球范围内的部署加速。成熟市场，如中国和西欧继续要扩展，而新的市场正在增长。然而，所有这些直到最近，市场专注于固定海上风电。

If offshore wind is to support global action to decarbonise our power system, then we need to seize the opportunity to deploy offshore wind in deeper waters. For most countries around the world, the technical potential of fixed offshore wind is dwarfed by that of floating offshore wind.

如果海上风电支持全球我们的电力脱碳行动系统，那么我们需要抓住部署海上风电的机会在更深的水域。对于大多数国家在世界各地固定海上风电的潜力是与海上漂浮相比相形见绌风

GWEC’s forecast for floating offshore wind has grown increasingly bullish, rising from our 2020 forecast of 6.5GW by 2030 to 16.5GW in our 2021 forecast. This rapid shift is a reflection of the known project activity across the globe. But we also want to look at how to ensure that the opportunity in floating offshore wind is understood and embraced by countries new to offshore wind. To help us do this GWEC commissioned Aegir Insights to use their market knowledge to suggest a selection of five markets that right now look like the “chasing pack” behind floating offshore wind’s first movers. The reason to do this is twofold. First, it helps to shine a light on those countries with a fantastic floating offshore wind resource, and encourages them to focus policy and effort to kickstart these markets.

GWEC的浮动预测海上风电增长日益看涨，从2020年预测2030年达到6.5GW2021预测为16.5GW。这种快速转变反映了已知的项目活动地球但我们也想看看确保了解海上浮风受到各国的欢迎海上风电新产品。来帮助我们是否委托GWECAegir Insights利用其市场建议选择的知识目前看起来像漂浮背后的“追逐包”海上风电的先行者。这样做的原因有两个。首先，它有助于照亮那些拥有海上浮式风力资源，鼓励他们集中精力启动这些项目的政策和努力市场。

Second, this report and the work behind it can help governments and industry to better understand what market fundamentals need to be in place to support growth of floating offshore wind. Our work shines a light on the chasing pack, because this also opens up a wider understanding for governments and industry about common factors to look for if floating offshore wind is to grow successfully.

第二，这份报告和工作背后可以帮助政府和行业，以更好地了解市场基本面需要什么准备就绪，以支持海上浮风。我们的工作照亮追逐的人群，因为这也打开了更广阔的对政府和行业常见因素寻找海上浮风是否成功成长。

GWEC has been active for a number of years supporting growth of onshore and offshore wind in many different countries. We have been at the forefront of work to grow new offshore wind markets, helping bring industry and governments together in new markets such as Vietnam and Japan. We have worked alongside the World Bank to study potential in new markets, and are active supporting offshore wind around the globe.

GWEC已激活了支持增长的年数陆上和海上风电场许多不同的国家。我们有一直处于成长工作的前沿新的海上风电市场，帮助带来行业和政府在新市场合作，如越南和日本。我们一直在努力与世界银行一起学习新市场潜力，以及主动支持海上风电遍布全球。

As more governments look at floating offshore wind, GWEC will also be active, helping them understand policy and regulatory requirements for successful market growth. This creates a win-win in offshore wind. First, an effective market delivers lower cost offshore wind projects and benefits local consumers. Second, it helps build confidence which can help embed and grow local supply chain capability.

随着越来越多的政府关注海上浮风电，GWEC也会积极帮助他们了解政策和法规成功的要求市场增长。这将创建海上风电的双赢。首先有效的市场提供更低的成本海上风电项目及其效益当地消费者。其次，它有帮助建立信心，这有助于嵌入和发展本地供应链能力。

With floating offshore wind now ready to scale, we have the opportunity to grow offshore wind in many more markets. We can also couple existing maritime and petrochemical expertise in these markets and help to transition this into low carbon technology like floating offshore wind.

海上浮风已准备就绪为了扩大规模，我们有机会在许多地区发展海上风电更多市场。我们也可以结合现有海事和石化这些市场的专业知识和帮助将其转变为低碳浮式海上风电等技术。

Foreword by Shell

壳牌公司前言

Society faces a dual challenge: how to transition to a low-carbon energy future while also extending the benefits of energy to everyone on the planet.This transition is underway. It will move at different paces and produce different outcomes in different countries depending on local factors such as available natural resources and weather patterns, national policies that address climate change and local air quality, economic growth and which technologies and products companies and consumers choose.

社会面临双重挑战：如何向低碳能源过渡同时扩展能源对每个人的好处行星这一过渡正在进行中。会的以不同的速度移动并产生不同领域的不同结果取决于当地因素的国家如可用的自然资源和天气模式，国家应对气候变化的政策以及当地空气质量、经济增长哪些技术和产品公司和消费者选择。

Increasing use of renewable sources of energy is essential to reducing emissions but they chiefly produce electricity which today meets just under 20% of total energy for end use. This needs to change.To accelerate the change, governments need to introduce long-term policies that reshape the main parts of the economy as well as enable the development of lowercarbon and renewable sources of energy supported by emerging technologies.

增加可再生能源的使用能量对减少排放，但它们主要产生今天遇到的电力终端总能量的20%以下使用这需要改变。为了加速变革，政府需要引入重塑经济的主要部分有助于开发低碳和可再生能源新兴市场支持的能源技术。

One of these is floating offshore wind. While fixed-bottom wind projects currently dominate offshore generation, close to 80% of the world’s offshore wind resource potential is in areas where the water depth is greater than 60 metres. This presents a huge opportunity and one that, as a society, we cannot miss.To date, the industry has been able to provide prototypes and pilot farms successfully demonstrating the technology and now the scene is set for the development of large-scale floating wind projects. Countries like South Korea and the United Kingdom are leading the way with large scale tenders enabling the development of lower cost generation.

其中之一是海上漂浮风固定底风时目前，海上项目占主导地位近80%的世界海上风能资源潜力在于水深度大于60米。这这是一个巨大的机会作为一个社会，我们不能错过这一点。迄今为止，该行业已经能够提供原型和试点农场成功展示了技术，现在场景设置好了用于大规模开发浮式风力发电项目。国家，如韩国和英国以大规模领先有助于发展低成本发电。

Shell is committed to becoming a netzero emission energy company by 2050 or sooner, and we see a major role for floating offshore wind as part of this transition. Having already been part of the consortium behind the successful pilot project, Tetraspar, we now look forward to working on the development of larger scale projects in Europe, the Americas and Asia where we have a pipeline of over 8 GW.Shell have been working in offshore wind for over 20 years and as one of the pioneers of floating offshore wind were delighted to support GWEC in identifying some of the key barriers to growth for floating offshore development and how the next generation of countries can accelerate market growth through supporting policy and regulation.

壳牌致力于通过以下方式成为净零排放能源公司2050年或更早，我们看到海上风电作为一部分的作用这一转变。已经联合体的一部分成功的试点项目，Tetraspar，we现在期待着在大型项目的开发在欧洲、美洲和亚洲我们有超过8 GW。壳牌一直在海上工作20多年的风海上漂浮的先驱wind很乐意支持GWEC在确定浮动汇率增长的主要障碍离岸开发以及下一代国家可以通过以下方式加快市场增长支持政策和法规。

Executive Summary

执行摘要

To deliver net zero, the world faces a huge challenge. We must rapidly transition from high carbon energy sources to low carbon technologies such as wind power. Across the last thirty years we have seen the successful maturation of offshore wind. It is now recognised as a low cost, secure power source, able to underpin global action on decarbonisation. Offshore wind is a low cost, reliable technology. It delivers significant economic benefits through manufacturing and operation, and importantly can be deployed rapidly at scale. Our global population is clustered around coastal locations, so offshore wind also offers a route to opening up access to renewable energy for a global population.

为实现净零，世界面临这是一个巨大的挑战。我们必须迅速从高碳能源过渡低碳技术来源比如风力发电。跨越过去三十年，我们看到海上油田的成功成熟风它现在被公认为低成本、安全的电源，能够支持全球行动脱碳。海上风电是一种低成本、可靠的技术它提供了重要的经济效益通过制造和运营，以及重要的是，可以快速部署按比例。我们的全球人口聚集在沿海地区，因此，海上风电也提供了一条路线开放可再生能源全球人口的能源。

For many countries however, bottomfixed is either not an option, or potential is limited. Deeper waters are the norm around most of our global coastline meaning that floating offshore wind is needed if these countries are to develop offshore wind. Already we are seeing the emergence of floating offshore wind markets in a number of countries, with France, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and the UK all moving to grow floating offshore wind, with policy making underway to drive this growth. However, behind this first round of countries backing floating offshore wind, which will be the next set of countries we see blazing a floating offshore wind path? This question sits at the heart of this study and work commissioned from Aegir Insights.

然而，对于许多国家来说，底部固定不是一种选择，或者潜力有限。更深的水域是大多数全球海岸线意味着漂浮如果这些各国将在海外发展风我们已经看到了年海上风电市场的许多国家，包括法国，日本、韩国、台湾和英国都在向海上发展风，正在制定政策推动这一增长。然而，在这第一轮支持海上浮动的国家风，这将是下一组我们看到的国家海上风路？这个问题这项研究和工作的核心受Aegir Insights委托。

What is clear from this work is that to be a successful floating market, certain physical conditions need to be in place. Put simply, the wind needs to blow to make projects stack up commercially. That said, if a country has the right physical conditions, it still needs the right policies and regulations in place. Successful action to do this will mean countries leapfrogging others to deliver floating offshore wind, and potentially capturing the economic benefits that will come from being an early floating offshore wind adopter. This report has successfully identified five potential floating markets out of a longlist of 115. But in doing so it became clear that there are many markets with the right technical conditions in place to successfully deploy floating offshore wind. Using 7 parameters (see left) we assessed market readiness and potential, and identified a shortlist of 30 markets with the right conditions in place to evolve rapidly as successful floating offshore wind markets.

从这项工作中可以清楚地看到，要想成为一个成功的浮动市场，需要具备一定的物理条件。简单地说，需要刮风才能使项目商业化。也就是说，如果一个国家拥有合适的自然条件，它仍然需要制定合适的政策和法规。要做到这一点，成功的行动将意味着各国在提供浮动海上风电方面超越其他国家，并有可能获得作为早期浮动海上风电采用者所带来的经济利益。这份报告成功地从115个潜在浮动市场中确定了五个。但在这样做的过程中，很明显，有许多市场具备适当的技术条件，可以成功部署海上浮式风力发电。使用7个参数，我们评估了市场准备度和潜力，并确定了30个具备适当条件的市场的短名单，这些市场将迅速发展成为成功的海上浮式风电市场。

For these countries to become hubs of floating offshore wind activity depends however on one critical thing: policy ambition. Our assessment has highlighted that the biggest factor in identifying new breakout floating offshore wind markets is government action and leadership. Governments need to show ambition. Their actions can be the catalyst to kickstarting successful floating offshore wind deployment, which can bring economic advantage and rapid action in emissions reduction.

让这些国家成为浮式海上风电枢纽然而，活动取决于一个关键是：政策野心。我们的评估强调识别新产品的最大因素突破式海上风电市场是政府行为领导政府需要表现出雄心壮志。他们的行动可以是成功启动的催化剂浮式海上风电部署，可以带来经济优势以及排放方面的快速行动减少